The use of composite materials dates back to ancient times. The straw or wheat straw reinforced clay used since ancient times and the reinforced concrete that has been used for hundreds of years are both composed of two materials. In the 1940s, due to the needs of the aviation industry, glass fiber reinforced plastics (commonly known as glass fiber reinforced plastics) were developed, and the name composite material appeared since then. After the 1950s, high-strength and high-modulus fibers such as carbon fiber, graphite fiber and boron fiber were successively developed. Aramid fibers and silicon carbide fibers appeared in the 1970s. These high-strength, high-modulus fibers can be compounded with non-metallic matrices such as synthetic resins, carbon, graphite, ceramics, and rubber, or metal matrices such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium to form composite materials with unique characteristics.
The development of modern high technology is inseparable from composite materials, and composite materials [2] play a very important role in the development of modern science and technology. The research depth and application breadth of composite materials, as well as the speed and scale of production and development, have become one of the important indicators to measure the advanced level of a country's science and technology. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the global composite material market has grown rapidly, and the Asian market, especially China, has grown rapidly. Between 2003 and 2008, China's average annual growth rate was 15%, India's 9.5%, while the average annual growth rate in Europe and North America was only 4%.
In the 1960s, in order to meet the needs of materials used in cutting-edge technologies such as aerospace, composite materials with high-performance fibers (such as carbon fibers, boron fibers, aramid fibers, silicon carbide fibers, etc.) as reinforcing materials were developed and produced. Greater than 4 × 10 centimeters (cm), the specific modulus is greater than 4 × 10 cm. In order to distinguish it from the first generation of glass fiber reinforced resin composites, such composites are called advanced composites. According to different matrix materials, advanced composite materials are divided into resin-based, metal-based and ceramic-based composite materials. Its use temperature reaches 250-350 ℃, 350-1200 ℃ and 1200 ℃ or more respectively. In addition to being used as structural materials, advanced composite materials can also be used as functional materials, such as gradient composite materials (functional composite materials whose chemical and crystallographic composition, structure, voids, etc. , processing and execution functions, functional composite materials that can adapt to environmental changes), bionic composite materials, stealth composite materials, etc.
In China (mainland) industry in 2007, the output of composite glass fiber was 1.6 million tons, of which 1.155 million tons were used in the FRP industry; the output of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was 1.35 million tons, of which 688,000 tons were used for FRP The output of vinyl resin is 12,640 tons, and the output of gel coat resin is 15,870 tons.
In 2008, the whole industry of composite materials in my country was running smoothly throughout the year, and the output increased by about 12%. Enterprises above designated size in the industry achieved an industrial added value of 8.67 billion yuan, a total industrial output value of 25.8 billion yuan, a new product output value of 1.16 billion yuan, and a sales output value of 25.3 billion yuan.
At this stage, my country's glass fiber reinforced plastic and composite materials[3] industries are facing a new period of great development, such as large-scale municipal construction in the process of urbanization, the utilization and large-scale development of new energy, the introduction of environmental protection policies, and the development of the automobile industry. , large-scale railway construction, large aircraft projects, etc. Driven by the huge market demand, the development of the composite material industry will have a very broad space for development.
Since the beginning of 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have jointly formulated and issued a draft of the "Decision on Accelerating the Cultivation of Strategic Emerging Industries". 9, of which "new materials" are classified into special functions and high-performance composite materials.
After the "Top Ten Industrial Revitalization Plans", "strategic emerging industries" have been considered as another major measure to revitalize the economy, and the large-scale government investment since then has also been widely expected by the market, so this is also considered to be a follow-up to the country's "4 Another large-scale industrial investment plan after the "Trillion" investment plan.
